Scientists have fully unwrapped Herculaneum scroll PHerc. 1667 using AI, reading 1.5 metres of ancient Greek text without touching it. Once deemed unreadable, the 2,000-year-old scroll—charred by Mount Vesuvius—reveals a lost Stoic treatise on ethics, possibly by Chrysippus. A second scroll confirms Philodemus’ “On Gods” ran to eight books. The Vesuvius Challenge now offers a $1 million prize to decode another scroll.